Assorted links

1. PhD Scholarships for students in Latin America, by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
   
   
2. 100 historic photographs of Brazil
   
   
3. Watch Water Boil And Freeze At The Same Time Read (via Mariana Rossi)
   
   
4. What happens when governments try to help poor people move to better neighborhoods? 
   
   
5. A 3200 year old tree, possibly the biggest tree on Earth
   
   
6. African Bus Routes Redrawn Using Cell-Phone Data
   
   
7. A short video dedicated to my friends with obsessive compulsive disorder
   
   
8. The first-ever asteroid with rings has recently been discovered. A nice video and the paper.
   
   
9. 40 years of Chicago's rising inequality, in one GIF via Demografía_CSIC

[image credit: Daniel Hertz via The Atlantic Cities]

Rise in Transport Costs in Brazil

In June 2013, the rise in Bus fares were the spark for huge protests in more than 80 cities in Brazil. In this report (published in Portuguese last year) we analyze some of the main pricing and funding issues of public transport in Brazil. The rise in transport costs in the country is just of them, and in which govermental policies have played an important role subsidizing gasoline consumption and the purchase of new cars.

For more details and a further discussion on this issue, you may read the report here.

And for now, here are some figures and a chart showing the increase in inflation and its transport components between 2000 and 2012 for the largest Brazilian metropolitan areas.

IPCA (Inflation): 125%

Bus fares: 192%

Gasoline: 122%

Owning a vehicle: 44%

[click on the image to enlarge it]

Label Translation:

• IPCA = consumer price index
• Tarifa de ônibus = Bus fare
• Tarifa de Metro = Subway fare
• Gasolia = Gasoline
• Veículo próprio = Owning a vehicle (car or motocycle), including purchase and maintenance expenses.

Urban Picture

Recife (Brazil)

[image credit: ? via Urban Geographies]

Soundtrack:

200 years of Urban Expansion

We have mentioned the Atlas of Urban Expansion here at Urban Demographics a while ago. It is an amazing project supported by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy that gathers loads of data for a number of cities across the globe.

Using part of these data, Shlomo Angel and the team at NYU Stern Urbanization Project have recently started working on a new series of great animations showing the expansion of 30 global cities over the last 200 years. Here are the first five cases: São Paulo, Chicago, Paris, London and Los Angeles:

obs. It's a great work and I'm looking forward for the next videos. The only reservation I would make is that these animations can be a bit deceiving as they give the impression of concentric urban expansion. 

Related Links:

• Las Vegas Urbanization (1984-2009)
• Global forecasts of urban expansion
• Buenos Aires Urban Expansion
• Visualizing surface changes over time in every corner on Earth
• The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion

The motorcycle Kuznets curve

Nishitateno, S and Burke, P (2014) The motorcycle Kuznets curve. Journal of Transport Geography. Volume 36, Pages 116–123.

Abstract

The evolution of motorcycle ownership is a crucial issue for road safety, as motorcyclists are highly vulnerable road users. Analyzing a panel of 153 countries for the period 1963–2010, we document a motorcycle Kuznets curve which sees motorcycle dependence increase and then decrease as economies develop. Upswings in motorcycle ownership are particularly pronounced in densely populated countries. We also present macro-level evidence on the additional road fatalities associated with motorcycles. Our results indicate that many low-income countries face the prospect of an increasing number of motorcycle-related deaths over coming years unless adequate safety initiatives are implemented.

Fig. 4. Regression predictions for the motorcycle share of the motor vehicle fleet, for countries with mean and 90th-percentile log population density *.

[image credit: Nishitateno and Burke, 2014]

* (corresponding to 66 and 371 people per square kilometer, respectively). Prediction lines use a mean country fixed effect and the year-2010 time effect.

Circular Migration Flow Plots in R

Guy Abel and Nikola Sander have recently published in the journal Science their paper on Quantifying Global International Migration Flows (ht MetroPop, by Ramon Bauer). 

Inspired by Martin Krzywinski's Circos and Mike Bostock’s D3.js library, they came up with this beautiful and interactive visualization of circular migration flow between 196 countries from 1990 through 2010.

You may download the data and find more information on the plot here. Abel also talks about the code he has used here and here to make similar charts in R (not interactive though). 

As I've mentioned in another post, it's not everyday you see demographers publishing on journals like Science and Nature. This paper will add to the massive presence of @IIASAVienna and @WiCVienna researchers in these two journals.

Related Links:

• A new Latin American and Caribbean migration research network (MIGRALAC) has been launched. More info here and here.
• The IMAGE Studio: A Tool for Internal Migration Analysis and Modelling
• Interactive map of international migration, data here
• Demographic change, migration and the fiscal crisis in Europe
• (Re)scaling Governance of Skilled Migration in Europe

Interactive maps in R

rMaps is an R package for creating interactive maps, developed by Ramnath Vaidyanathan. He has also developed rCharts. 

Looking forward to his book on interactive documents with R.

80 MOOCs Getting Started in April

Open Culture points out to about 80 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) getting started in April. Here is their comprehensive list of MOOCs.

Some of the courses that caught my attention include:

• Evaluating Social Programs  – MIT on edX – April 1 (4 weeks)
• An Introduction to Interactive Programming in Python  – Rice on Coursera – March 24 (9 weeks)
• The Data Scientist’s Toolbox  – Johns Hopkins University on Coursera – April 7 (4 weeks)
• Getting and Cleaning Data  – Johns Hopkins University on Coursera – April 7 (4 weeks)
• R Programming  – John Hopkins on Coursera – April 7 (4 weeks)
• Justice  – Harvard on edx – April 8 (12 weeks)
• Climate Change in Four Dimensions  – UCSD on Coursera – April 8 (10 weeks)
• Fairness and Nature: When Worlds Collide  – University of Leeds on FutureLearn – March 31 (2 weeks)
• An Introduction to Population Health  – University of Manchester on Coursera – April 14 (6 weeks)
• Modelling and Simulation using MATLAB® - Hochschule RheinMain on iversity – April 22
• Identity, Conflict, and Public Space  – Queen’s University Belfast on Futurelearn – April 28 (6 weeks)
• Algorithms: Design and Analysis, Part 1  – Stanford on Coursera – April 29 (6 weeks)
• Maps and the Geospatial Revolution  – Penn State on Coursera – April 30 (5 weeks)

Assorted links

1. A network analysis of the numbers in pi
   
   
2. Bicycle Infrastructure Networks and Ridership in 74 US Cities
   
   
3. The antipode of your current location
   
   
4. Immigration is saving the US from an aging crisis
   
   
5. Tom Vanderbilt: the counterintuitive science of traffic (ht Leo Monasterio)
   
   
6. Average Annual Household Carbon Footprint by ZipCode in the US and average vehicle miles traveled by households by ZipCode in the US
   
   
7. Beautiful picture of Tokyo as seen by Takashi Kitajima

[image credit: Takashi Kitajima]

Worldwide linguistic landscape in Twitter

Conrad Hackett points out to this interesting paper published by A. Baronchelli, B. Gonçalves and colleagues. If you are interested in social networks, big data, spatial analysis, etc, you should take a look at their work.

Paper: The Twitter of Babel: Mapping World Languages through Microblogging Platforms. PLoS One.

Abstract:

[...] we survey worldwide linguistic indicators and trends through the analysis of a large-scale dataset of microblogging posts. We show that available data allow for the study of language geography at scales ranging from country-level aggregation to specific city neighborhoods. The high resolution and coverage of the data allows us to investigate different indicators such as the linguistic homogeneity of different countries, the touristic seasonal patterns within countries and the geographical distribution of different languages in multilingual regions. This work highlights the potential of geolocalized studies of open data sources to improve current analysis and develop indicators for major social phenomena in specific communities.

Twitter users per capita

[image credit: Mocanu et al 2013]

Multiscale view of the geolocated Twitter signal

[image credit: Mocanu et al 2013]